I think that post-processing has become much more important since digital came to rule the playground, but it's pretty dangerous, too. Some people put so much focus on post-processing that they don't even bother putting the effort into having the original as well exposed/lit as they could. I've seen some before and after pics on various photography forums that always make me think their post-processing would've been much easier to do if they put half as much effort into correctly exposing/lighting/etc the original, and then I've seen some where they could've achieved the same effect they got in post processing by more carefully setting up the original shot.
Like Jive Turkey - I usually have a few beginning steps that are mostly the same from picture to picture, but rarely do the exact same thing for each picture. I'm mostly self-taught when it comes to editing & post processing, but I picked up a really helpful book a few months ago - Scott Kelby's Photoshop for Digital Photographers. It's written out in plain english, has easy to follow steps, and has tons of helpful info for photographers either unsure of their processing skills or just wanting some additional ideas. I still use Photoshop mainly - I've tried Aperture and Lightroom, and while the photo organizing features of each are nice, I feel they're a bit too limited when it comes to actual editing/processing capabilities. Not that I use more than a fraction of what's available in Photoshop, but I do find some features in Photoshop very useful that aren't to be found in Aperture or Lightroom.