No particular order:
1) Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention, Freak Out!
2) The Beatles, The Beatles (White Album)
3) Captain Beefheart, Trout Mask Replica
4) The Velvet Underground, White Light/White Heat (one of the five best records of the last 50 years)
5) The Shaggs, Philosophy of the World
6) Hendrix, Are You Experienced?
7) James Brown, Live at The Apollo
8) Creedence Clearwater Revival, Cosmo's Factory
9) Bob Dylan, Blonde on Blonde
10) The Small Faces, Ogden's Nut Gone Flake
This list could change wildly, though, from one minute to the next. This sort of thing is really tough to do for an entire decade...especially for a decade as tumultuous, music-wise, as the '60s. I see these ten years as being the beginning of the end for the pop single, so it kind of had a lot of individual songs which were better than any one album on this list...but songs which, themselves, came from either average or simply dreadful albums. People still didn't quite know how to make full use of the album format, either, but they had a ball figuring out exactly how it was going to be done (see something like Ogden's Nut Gone Flake for one way of going about it--I don't even enjoy the record all that much, but as far as its place in relation to the "maturation" of the LP format, it's utterly indispensable). Great stuff, great music, great times...but somewhat maddening, to pigeonhole. The times, they truly were a-changin'. No doubt.
Another fascinating record to listen to is Magical Mystery Tour, by The Beatles. History now looks back on it, I think, as one of the bands best collection of songs, but few people remember that that's actually what it is--it wasn't an LP, but rather a compilation of two EPs. Really interesting stuff, and, in retrospect, quite historically important.