I work a block away (still) and live downtown. I had a hacking cough that I could not lose for about 6 months afterwards. I was not sick, and could not tell the cause of the cough.
I went to the doctor, and then a specialist for xrays. The specialist told me my lungs were perfectly normal, and the cough was probably due to the 11th, but that my system was kind of raw so the cough continued. He was pretty well versed in what kind of chemicals were down there air-bourne and let me know there was not much to worry about.
My cough has been gone for a while now, and I feel fine.
Please understand that although there were many many strange chemicals burning during that timeperiod a minimal amount was asbestos as they did not use it to its full extent at WTC.
They started using it in one of the towers, then stopped due to its ban.
If you are still feeling the effects from that time (I am a beleiver that my cough and probably your ailments are definitely directly related to what happened) I think you should go to the doctor and get chest xrays as soon as possible.
I am not sure if there is anything you can actually do, but your doctor will let you know.
Hope you feel better - let me know how it goes...