US pilots blame drug for friendly fire deaths
Oliver Burkeman in New York and Richard Norton-Taylor
Saturday January 4, 2003
The Guardian
Two American fighter pilots facing trial for the "friendly fire" killings of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan last April were pressured by the US air force into taking amphetamines that may have impaired their judgment, their lawyers allege.
Pilots are routinely pressured to take dextroamphetamine - known to the troops as "go pills" - in order to keep them alert on irregular schedules and night flights, their lawyer, David Beck, said, in advance of a hearing to decide whether Major Harry Schmidt and Major William Umbach should be court-martialled.
The air force conceded that low doses of the drug, manufactured as Dexedrine, had been offered to pilots since the second world war. It insisted the drug was safe and its use was voluntary as part of a "fatigue management program". But a former British assistant chief of defence staff called the policy "very odd".
Maj Schmidt, 37, and Maj Umbach, 43, could each receive 64 years in military prison. They are accused of involuntary manslaughter, aggravated assault and dereliction of duty for the incident on April 17, when Maj Schmidt, flying a night mission with Maj Umbach, dropped a laser-guided bomb from his F-16 on Canadian forces training at a former al-Qaida training camp.
Marc Leger, Ainsworth Dyer, Richard Green and Nathan Smith were killed instantly, stoking opposition to the war in Canada, which had not suffered deaths in combat since the Korean war. The US air force said the pilots "demonstrated poor airmanship", failing to check that no friendly troops were in the area.
GlaxoSmithKline, which makes Dexedrine, warns that the drug "may impair the patient's ability to engage in potentially hazardous activity such as operating machines and vehicles and that patients should be cautioned accordingly," Charles Gittins, Maj Schmidt's lawyer, told the Guardian. "Well, the pilots weren't cautioned accordingly. They weren't even told about that."
Mr Gittins, himself a former pilot in the marines, denied the air force's claim that no pressure was exerted.
"All you have to do is read the quote-unquote informed consent, and it basically says, if you don't take them, you'll be grounded."
The air force refused to comment on the details of the case, and said it had never received any other report of the drug contributing to accidents, while fatigue had contributed to nearly 100. "No one is forced to take these drugs," Colonel Alvina Mitchell, chief of media operations, told Reuters.
The RAF does not give amphetamines to its pilots, the Ministry of Defence said yesterday.
The US air force practice was described as "very odd" by Air Marshal Sir Tim Garden, a former pilot and assistant chief of defence staff.
It was strange, he said, to consider giving drugs to pilots who had to control complex machines.
He also said the US air force seemed to be abrogating its responsibility by saying the use of the "fatigue management tools" was voluntary.
According to an air force report of the Kandahar mission, Maj Umbach observed fire on the ground and said: "I've got some men on a road and it looks like a piece of artillery firing at us... I am rolling in, in self-defence."
Mr Beck told reporters the Canadians' night-time training mission should never have been undertaken. "How dare you do a training exercise at night in a combat zone?" he said. "And how dare you not tell the pilots?"
In another notorious incident in Afghanistan, the crew of an American AC130 gunship fired on a wedding party north of Kandahar last year killing an estimated 48 civilians.
During the 1991 Gulf war nine British soldiers were killed and 11 injured when the crew of an American A-10 Thunderbolt anti-tank aircraft attacked their position.
Some links to more articles if you are interested:
http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/01/03/1041566229477.html
http://www.thescotsman.co.uk/international.cfm?id=1418442002
http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/story.jsp?story=366059