Irvine511 said:
and it seems, if we are to go with the Greek translations as Melon often points to, then we see we are talking about temple prostitutes (boys in their early teens) and not contemporary gay men.
...to clarify, "temple prostitutes" weren't boys. They were adult males that formed the priestly class of Greco-Roman religion. It was a common belief, even amongst the Israelites' Semitic contemporaries, that to have sex was to be closer to the gods. As such, having a mass orgy with the temple priesthood must make you even closer!
But here's where understanding historical context comes in handy: these temple prostitute priests were not homosexual. They were bisexual. In other words, it is absolute linguistic sloppiness to extrapolate that a prohibition against participating in these temple orgies was meant to cover all of "homosexuality." That's because women took part in these orgies too, and had sex with those same exact "temple prostitutes" that men engaged in too.
Pederasty was a separate Greco-Roman sexual practice, where teenage boys were essentially treated like "apprentices" by older men. And once these teenage boys hit adulthood, they were fully expected to get married and have a family with the opposite sex. But this being the Roman Empire, marital fidelity was anything but. There's an interesting story of a mad Roman Emperor who, when his slave boy lover drowned, he had him declared a god.
And that leads me to my next point. There's an interesting quirk in the annals of the Gospels:
"When he entered Capernaum, a centurion approached him and appealed to him, saying, 'Lord, my servant is lying at home paralyzed, suffering dreadfully.' He said to him, 'I will come and cure him.' The centurion said in reply, 'Lord, I am not worthy to have you enter under my roof; only say the word and my servant will be healed. For I too am a person subject to authority, with soldiers subject to me. And I say to one, 'Go,' and he goes; and to another, 'Come here,' and he comes; and to my slave, 'Do this,' and he does it.' When Jesus heard this, he was amazed and said to those following him, 'Amen, I say to you, in no one in Israel have I found such faith. I say to you, many will come from the east and the west, and will recline with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob at the banquet in the kingdom of heaven, but the children of the kingdom will be driven out into the outer darkness, where there will be wailing and grinding of teeth.' And Jesus said to the centurion, 'You may go; as you have believed, let it be done for you.' And at that very hour (his) servant was healed." - Matthew 8:5-13
The Greek word for "servant" (or "slave," depending on the Bible) in this passage in Matthew is "pais," which is the word from which we derive the word, "pederasty." Knowledge of the customs of the Roman Empire would reveal that it was very common for the Roman elite to have relationships with their slaves, and in light of this, Jesus obviously demonstrated the importance of faith over tradition.
But don't let me be accused of being selective! Luke 7:2 has a different narrative regarding the Centurion:
"A centurion there had a slave who was ill and about to die, and he was valuable to him. When he heard about Jesus, he sent elders of the Jews to him, asking him to come and save the life of his slave. They approached Jesus and strongly urged him to come, saying, 'He deserves to have you do this for him, for he loves our nation and he built the synagogue for us.' And Jesus went with them, but when he was only a short distance from the house, the centurion sent friends to tell him, 'Lord, do not trouble yourself, for I am not worthy to have you enter under my roof. Therefore, I did not consider myself worthy to come to you; but say the word and let my servant be healed. For I too am a person subject to authority, with soldiers subject to me. And I say to one, 'Go,' and he goes; and to another, 'Come here,' and he comes; and to my slave, 'Do this,' and he does it.' When Jesus heard this he was amazed at him and, turning, said to the crowd following him, 'I tell you, not even in Israel have I found such faith.' When the messengers returned to the house, they found the slave in good health." - Luke 7:2-10
The word for "slave" in Luke is the Greek word, "doulos," which is a generic term for a servant or a slave. And, in many ways, the narrative of Luke makes an effort to insist that he's a slave by talking about all the work he has to do. No "work" at all is mentioned in Matthew.
So, from a linguistic POV, it's considered a theological draw. While Luke is, undoubtedly, about a literal slave, Matthew is much more unclear.
Thought I'd share an interesting bit of trivia!